Since 1989, successive Polish governments have struggled to restructure and modernise the energy sector. Legislation passed by the Sejm, the lower house of Parliament, in December 1997 was supposed to put the country on track for competition in the wholesale and retail power markets, the introduction of third-party access to transmission grids and greater efficiency within the energy market as a whole. But while more than 30% of electricity in Poland is in theory freely traded, there remain